why was henry vii called the winter king

Watch for $0.00 with Prime. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. 1517. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. The purpose of the agreement was to prevent France from annexing Brittany. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. Alison Weir points out that the Rennes ceremony, two years earlier, was plausible only if Henry and his supporters were certain that the Princes were already dead. She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video So 4 stars. Possession of something the French King wanted also made the Duke of Brittany safer in his own duchy. [citation needed], However, his principal weapon was the Court of Star Chamber. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? Yet Henry's techniques of power went beyond the needs of surveillance and survival. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. He was the last king of England to win . Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent. Though this was not achieved during his reign, the marriage eventually led to the union of the English and Scottish crowns under Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, following the death of Henry's granddaughter Elizabeth I. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. ), The Reign of Henry VII. After the Holy Roman Emperor . Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. Henry VII: Winter King - A Review and Rundown - The Anne Boleyn Files All the powers of Europe doubted Henrys ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. It was 1501. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. [66], Henry wanted to maintain the Spanish alliance. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. What old December's bareness every where! [citation needed] He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. Who could have expected that he would rule for 24 years, die in his bed, bequeath the first orderly succession to the throne for nearly a century, and found a famous dynasty? Why was Henry VII called the "Winter King"? - Quora Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. Backdating Henry's Reign. An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Before taking the throne, he was known as Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. The Lancastrians triumphed under the leadership of a 28-year-old exile named Henry Tudor. [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne. By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window]. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. 4. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent. Story's register still exists and, according to the 19th-century historian W.R.W. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's Reign His spies and informers were everywhere. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". Henry VII - History Learning Site Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. There he claimed sanctuary until the envoys were forced to depart. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . enry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. Poor Henry VII. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. Henry VIII - Tudor History The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. I had an idea Henry VII was a force for stability; in fact he was a terrifying kleptocrat, abusing the law with arbitrary fines and imprisonment, scheming to effectively steal entire estates and wring every penny out of subjects as well as impose political control through financial means. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. It was no easy feat. Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica 1845. Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Old rivalries simmered, however. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. His claim to the throne was tenuous and permanently contested. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. Happy St Davids Day! [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. Then in 1491 appeared a still more serious menace: Perkin Warbeck, coached by Margaret to impersonate Richard, the younger son of Edward IV. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. (1): (April 24, 1883. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! It was propaganda to spread the message that he was the rightful King. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England For example, they could replace suspect jurors in accordance with the 1495 act preventing the corruption of juries. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. Pembroke Castle, birthplace of Henry VII [ JKMMX ] [ CC BY-SA 3.0 ]. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. It was the end of the union of Lancaster and York and many had only accepted Henry as King because of his wifes Yorkist roots, so Henry was once more on shaky ground with his old enemies resurfacing and raising armies. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. The wedding was a triumph but in April 1502 a messenger brought the King the news that his eldest son had died of sweating sickness. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. On the debit side, he may have looked a little delicate as he suffered from poor health. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . Why is this ambitious? This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors.

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